Feline Leukaemia Virus

We have been seeing an increasing number of cats with Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV). 

Feline leukemia virus infection is responsible for more deaths among cats than any other infectious disease. The virus affects domestic cats and occurs in some wild felines as well.  A cat can be infected with the virus for years before it starts to show any signs of illness.

There are three main types of feline leukemia virus.  A cat can be infected with one, two, or all three types.  The most predominant type causes a severe weakening of the immune system.  The second most common type causes tumors and abnormal tissue growth.  The least common form causes severe anaemia.  FeLV can also cause reproductive, gastrointesintal, or neurological problems.  The signs of infection are variable because FeLV affects many body systems.  However, cats will usually lose their appetite, lose weight, and become weak.

FeLV is spread from cat to cat in saliva and other secretions, such as tears, urine, and faeces.  It can also be passed from a pregnant female to the unborn kittens.  The most common modes of transmission are through bites, nose-to-nose contact, mutual grooming, and shared dishes.  After the initial infection, the virus replicates in the tonsils and lymph nodes in the head region. It spreads via the bloodstream to other parts of the body, especially the lymph nodes, bone marrow, and intestinal tissue, where it continues to replicate.  The virus usually shows up in the blood 2 to 4 weeks after the initial infection. 

FeLV infection is diagnosed by a simple blood test that can be performed by your veterinary surgeon.

How can you prevent your cat from getting FeLV?  There is a vaccine available that can be given at the same time as your cat’s yearly cat flu and enteritis injection.  Your cat should be tested for FeLV first before the vaccine is given for the first time.  Also, you should limit exposure to feral cats by keeping your cat indoors.